Develop a three- to four-page analysis (excluding the title and reference pages) on the projected return on investment for your college education and projected future employment. This analysis will consist of two parts:

Part 1: Explain how you made the decision to pursue an education in Business or Finance. Include a summary of expenses related to that decision, such as: cost of tuition, cost of books, the interest you may pay on any loans, and any other associated expenses.

Part 2: Conduct research on your desired occupation and identify how much compensation (return) you expect to earn. How long will it take to pay back the return on this investment? Be sure to consider the trade-off between the cost of education and the expected return on investment.

The research paper should be comprehensive and include specific examples. The paper should be formatted according to APA 6th edition style guidelines and must include at least two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library or other scholarly sources

Assignment 1

Active links for all websites in this chapter can be found online. If mybcommlab is being used in your class, see your User Guide for instructions on accessing the content for this chapter. Otherwise, visit www.pearsonhighered.com/bovee, locate Business Communication Today, Tenth Edition, click the Companion Website link, select Chapter 8, and then click on “Featured Web-sites.” Please note that links to sites that become inactive after publication of the book will be removed from the Featured Websites section.

8.1 Revising Messages: Directness and Conciseness Revise the following short e-mail messages so that they are more direct and concise; develop a subject line for each revised message.

a. I’m contacting you about your recent e-mail request for technical support on your cable Internet service. Part of the problem we have in tech support is trying to figure out exactly what each customer’s specific problem is so that we can troubleshoot quickly and get you back in business as quickly as possible. You may have noticed that in the online support request form, there are a number of fields to enter your type of computer, operating system, memory, and so on. While you did tell us you were experiencing slow download speeds during certain times of the day, you didn’t tell us which times specifically, nor did you complete all the fields telling us about your computer. Please return to our support website and resubmit your request, being sure to provide all the necessary information; then we’ll be able to help you.

b. Thank you for contacting us about the difficulty you had collecting your luggage at Denver International Airport. We are very sorry for the inconvenience this has caused you. As you know, traveling can create problems of this sort regardless of how careful the airline personnel might be. To receive compensation, please send us a detailed list of the items that you lost and complete the following questionnaire. You can e-mail it back to us.

c. Sorry it took us so long to get back to you. We were flooded with resumes. Anyway, your resume made the final 10, and after meeting three hours yesterday, we’ve decided we’d like to meet with you. What is your schedule like for next week? Can you come in for an interview on June 15 at 3:00 p.m.? Please get back to us by the end of this workweek and let us know if you will be able to attend. As you can imagine, this is our busy season.

d. We’re letting you know that because we use over a ton of paper a year and because so much of that paper goes into the wastebasket to become so much more environmental waste, starting Monday, we’re placing white plastic bins outside the elevators on every floor to recycle that paper and in the process, minimize pollution.

8.2 Revising Messages: Directness and Conciseness Rewrite the following sentences so that they are direct and concise. If necessary, break your answer into two sentences.

a. We wanted to invite you to our special 40% off by-invitation-only sale; the sale is taking place on November 9.

b. We wanted to let you know that we are giving a tote bag and a voucher for five iTunes downloads with every $50 donation you make to our radio station.

c. The director planned to go to the meeting that will be held on Monday at a little before 11 a.m.

d. In today’s meeting, we were happy to have the opportunity to welcome Paul Eccelson, who reviewed the shopping cart function on our website and offered some great advice; if you have any questions about these new forms, feel free to call him at his office.

8.3 Internet Visit the Workplace eCards section of the Blue Mountain site, at www.bluemountain.com, and analyze one of the electronic greeting cards bearing a goodwill message of appreciation for good performance. Under what circumstances would you send this electronic message? How could you personalize it for the recipient and the occasion? What would be an appropriate close for this message?

8.4 Teamwork With another student, identify the purpose and select the most appropriate medium for communicating the following written messages. Next, consider how the audience is likely to respond to each message. Based on this audience analysis, determine whether the direct or indirect approach would be effective for each message and explain your reasoning.

a. A notice to all employees about the placement of recycling bins by the elevator doors

b. The first late-payment notice to a good customer who usually pays his bills on time

8.5 Revising Messages: Conciseness, Courteousness, and Specificity Critique the following closing paragraphs. How would you rewrite each to be concise, courteous, and specific?

a. I need your response sometime soon so I can order the parts in time for your service appointment. Otherwise, your air-conditioning system may not be in tip-top condition for the start of the summer season.

b. Thank you in advance for sending me as much information as you can about your products. I look forward to receiving your package in the very near future.

c. To schedule an appointment with one of our knowledgeable mortgage specialists in your area, you can always call our hotline at 1-800-555-8765. This is also the number to call if you have more questions about mortgage rates, closing procedures, or any other aspect of the mortgage process. Remember, we’re here to make the home-buying experience as painless as possible.

(Thill 234)

Thill, Courtland L. Bovee and John V. Business Communication Today, 10/e for Ashford University, 10th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions. VitalBook file.

The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.

Assignment 2

Select a topic that you will write your business proposal on for your Final Paper. In a one-page paper (excluding title and reference pages), formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center, explain your proposal topic and why the change will be beneficial to your organization.

Question 1

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A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called _____

Select one:

[removed]a. a representative sample.

[removed]b. a case study.

[removed]c. a single-blind study.

[removed]d. a naturalistic observation.

Question 2

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A experiment in which two individuals are placed in separate rooms while one tries to send information and the other tries to receive it without use of any of the senses is using the _____ procedure.

Select one:

[removed]a. ESP

[removed]b. Ganzfeld

[removed]c. telepathy

[removed]d. double blind

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A large study of heart disease that included White and African-American participants considered the age and gender of the participants but not their socioeconomic status. The conclusion drawn by the researchers was that being an African American male places you at greater risk for heart disease than being a White male. The problem with this conclusion is _____

Select one:

[removed]a. no other races were included in the study.

[removed]b. we can’t tell if the variable is race or socioeconomic status.

[removed]c. there were no African-American researchers on the team.

[removed]d. we already knew African-Americans get more heart disease.

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A participant-related bias known as ageism results in _____

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[removed]a. failing to perceive the diversity among older adults.

[removed]b. excessive deference to older adults.

[removed]c. a reluctance to ask older adults to participate in research.

[removed]d. a tendency to describe all older adults in positive terms.

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A school psychologist would be most likely to _____

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[removed]a. conduct an experiment.

[removed]b. counsel a disruptive student.

[removed]c. treat a student with schizophrenia.

[removed]d. study teaching methods.

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A ___ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

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[removed]a. independent variable

[removed]b. dependent variable

[removed]c. experimental effect

[removed]d. correlation

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According to research on sleep deprivation, a small amount of sleep loss ____

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[removed]a. decreases cognitive ability.

[removed]b. is not a problem at all.

[removed]c. is a problem only for women, not men.

[removed]d. does not affect people older than age 12.

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Activated by the _____, gonads release _____

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[removed]a. thymus; estrogen.

[removed]b. pineal gland; testosterone.

[removed]c. pituitary; corticoids.

[removed]d. pituitary; sex hormones.

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Any experiments that seemed to support the idea that ESP exists have not been able to be _____

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[removed]a. published.

[removed]b. peer-reviewed.

[removed]c. replicated.

[removed]d. funded.

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Brain imaging studies support the conclusion that meditation _____

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[removed]a. is a form of sleep.

[removed]b. induces an altered state of consciousness.

[removed]c. is a quick fix for health problems.

[removed]d. is not helpful to health.

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By using random samples, polling organizations can represent the view of the American public with a sample size starting from _____

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[removed]a. 100,000.

[removed]b. 1 million.

[removed]c. 100.

[removed]d. 1,000.

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Carla was driving to work when she heard a report from a medical center on the radio saying, “Upon conception, the sex of the baby is determined by the person who is least stressed out.” Knowing Carla is a critical thinker, which of the following thoughts did she most likely have?

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[removed]a. “Because the report is from a medical center, it must be true.”

[removed]b. “Before I believe that report, I need to check other sources.”

[removed]c. “Wow, it must be true or they wouldn’t put it on the radio.”

[removed]d. “Wait until I tell my partner that he must have determined the sex of our two sons.”

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Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke. He wanted to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. Which of the following was used on Conan’s mother?

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[removed]a. MRI

[removed]b. CT scan

[removed]c. EEG

[removed]d. fMRI

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Despite having a massive infection, Lindsey’s white blood cell count remained low. This could be due to a malfunction of her _____

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[removed]a. thymus.

[removed]b. parathyroid.

[removed]c. thyroid.

[removed]d. thalamus.

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Diffusion tensor imaging would be the best choice to examine _____

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[removed]a. individual neuron bundles.

[removed]b. a tumor in the brain.

[removed]c. a sleep disorder.

[removed]d. glucose uptake in the brain.

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Dr. Hernandez is researching the effect of a new treatment for depression. She is so excited about this treatment because she is sure it will help people. When she hands out the placebo pills, she is able to keep a neutral expression on her face. When she hands out the actual pills, she can’t help but let a little smile curl her lips and she bounces up and down very slightly due to her expectations the pill will really help these people. She is not aware she is doing anything different. As her student, you need to point this out to her to save the study from _____ bias.

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[removed]a. experimenter

[removed]b. participant

[removed]c. intentional

[removed]d. accidental

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Dr. Maizenblu was testing out a new medication used to treat depression. He had 150 participants who had varying levels of depression. Because he wanted to see whether a new drug really worked, he separated the severely depressed from the mildly or moderately depressed. He then made sure the severely depressed group actually received the drug while the other group received the placebo. What error, if any, did Dr. Maizenblu make in this experiment?

Select one:

[removed]a. He made no error at all.

[removed]b. He did not have enough participants in the study.

[removed]c. He showed selection bias.

[removed]d. He showed unethical treatment of depressed people.

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Dr. Rodriguez, an educational psychologist, looks at the student-environment interaction to determine how to improve a student’s performance. He is taking the _____ perspective.

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[removed]a. cognitive

[removed]b. evolutionary

[removed]c. sociocultural

[removed]d. behavioral

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Dr. Solomon wants a record of the electrical activity in her patient’s brain during an epileptic seizure. She would schedule the patient for a _____ appointment.

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[removed]a. magnetic resonance imaging

[removed]b. electroencephalograph

[removed]c. positron-emission tomography

[removed]d. microelectrode testing

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Experimental, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that using subliminal messages to control appetite or smoking have _____ effect on behavior.

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[removed]a. a slight

[removed]b. a powerful

[removed]c. a negative

[removed]d. no

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Heather decides to seek out a therapist to help her work through feelings of anxiety. Her therapist allows her to direct the therapy sessions and discuss what she feels is relevant. Her therapist, who views Heather as an innately good person, also suggests she attend group therapy to learn how to make better choices for herself. Based on this information, to which school of thought does Heather’s therapist most likely adhere?

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[removed]a. Sociocultural

[removed]b. Psychoanalytic

[removed]c. Behaviorism

[removed]d. Humanistic

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Holly quit smoking years ago, but sometimes she really misses the routine of going out for smoke breaks and starting the morning with coffee and a cigarette. At those times, Holly is struggling with _____

Select one:

[removed]a. tolerance.

[removed]b. psychological dependence.

[removed]c. physical dependence.

[removed]d. withdrawal.

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How many physiological and psychological functions are affected by the circadian rhythms?

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[removed]a. two; sleep and wakefulness

[removed]b. three; sleep, wakefulness, and temperature

[removed]c. virtually every one that has been studied

[removed]d. four; sleep, wakefulness, temperature, and digestion

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If we briefly flashed the image of an orange to the right field of vision of an individual after split-brain surgery, they will most likely say they see _____

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[removed]a. nothing.

[removed]b. an orange.

[removed]c. something but be unable to name it.

[removed]d. only something round.

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If we were to design an experiment to test the hypothesis that aspirin takes headaches away, the independent variable would be _____ and the dependent variable would be _____

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[removed]a. headaches; aspirin.

[removed]b. aspirin; Tylenol.

[removed]c. aspirin; headaches.

[removed]d. measured; manipulated.

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Immediately after firing, a neuron cannot fire for 1 to 2 milliseconds. This is called the _____ period.

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[removed]a. discharged

[removed]b. resting

[removed]c. refractory

[removed]d. potential

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In the experimental method, the _____ is sometimes referred to as the treatment.

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[removed]a. independent variable

[removed]b. dependent variable

[removed]c. confounding variable

[removed]d. heuristic value

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In the Lang study, aggression was measured by the intensity and duration of “shocks” the participants chose to deliver to the researcher’s accomplice. This was the _____ definition of aggression for this experiment.

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[removed]a. research

[removed]b. hypothetical

[removed]c. operational

[removed]d. controlled

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Jacob had trouble matching his facial expressions to the appropriate emotion or correctly interpreting others’ emotional cues from their facial expressions. He needed more help from his _____

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[removed]a. mirror neurons.

[removed]b. social neurons.

[removed]c. interpretive neurons.

[removed]d. frontal lobes.

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Kim wants to talk with a therapist who will see him in a positive light and respect his personal experience while helping him understand his feelings and create a meaningful life. Kim will be most satisfied with a therapist who takes the _____ perspective.

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[removed]a. psychoanalytic

[removed]b. humanistic

[removed]c. biological

[removed]d. sociocultural

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Lateralization refers to which of the following?

Select one:

[removed]a. the idea that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body

[removed]b. the notion that each hemisphere of the brain specializes in particular functions

[removed]c. the procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed

[removed]d. the inability to produce speech

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Looking like leafless branches of a tree, the _____ are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons, although the _____ also receives signals directly.

Select one:

[removed]a. axon; dendrites

[removed]b. dendrites; soma

[removed]c. soma; dendrites

[removed]d. dendrites; axon

Question 33

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Lyta sustained damage to her left hemisphere. Which of these areas is she most likely to have difficulty with as a result of left hemisphere damage?

Select one:

[removed]a. language

[removed]b. control of the left side of her body

[removed]c. interpreting facial expressions

[removed]d. perceiving visual-spatial relationships

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Malcolm is studying alone in his room when he hears a loud noise downstairs. His heart rate and respiration speed up. He wonders if a burglar has entered the house. When he looks downstairs, he sees that his cat just knocked over a plant. He begins to relax and his heart rate and breathing slow down. Which part of his nervous system is working to return him to a normal state?

Select one:

[removed]a. spinal cord

[removed]b. somatic nervous system

[removed]c. parasympathetic nervous system

[removed]d. central nervous system

Question 35

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Melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness, is produced by the _____ gland.

Select one:

[removed]a. pineal

[removed]b. pituitary

[removed]c. parathyroid

[removed]d. thymus

Question 36

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Moving toward the back of the head, the last area of the frontal lobe contains the _____

Select one:

[removed]a. visual cortex

[removed]b. sensory cortex

[removed]c. motor cortex

[removed]d. parietal lobe

Question 37

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Much of what we know about left and right hemisphere specializations comes from the study of people who had split-brain surgery. This surgery _____

Select one:

[removed]a. splits the lobes of the brain apart.

[removed]b. severs the corpus callosum between hemispheres.

[removed]c. severs the nerves from the spinal cord to the right hemisphere.

[removed]d. severs the substantianigra between hemispheres.

Question 38

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Neurotransmitters have distinct molecular shapes; so do the _____ they bind to.

Select one:

[removed]a. myelin sheaths

[removed]b. presynaptic neurons

[removed]c. vesicles

[removed]d. receptors

Question 39

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Nora has had hearing defects since she was a child. She is now 43 and a new procedure to regenerate hair cells in the auditory canal has helped her to have those hearing defects corrected. What most likely occurred in Nora’s brain as a result?

Select one:

[removed]a. Not much; she was too old to have much brain plasticity.

[removed]b. Areas of her brain involved in sound perception changed noticeably.

[removed]c. Auditory signals were rerouted to the better functioning visual cortex.

[removed]d. Broca’s area had trouble interpreting all the new sounds.

Question 40

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Our metabolism, the rate at which food is converted to energy, is controlled by a hormone released by the _____

Select one:

[removed]a. parathyroid.

[removed]b. adrenal glands.

[removed]c. pancreas.

[removed]d. thyroid.

Question 41

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Pruning is _____

Select one:

[removed]a. a process that eliminates unnecessary and redundant synapses.

[removed]b. a medical procedure used to remove brain tumors.

[removed]c. the death of brain cells due to disease or damage.

[removed]d. the shortening of dendrites to make them more efficient.

Question 42

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Psychology is _____

Select one:

[removed]a. a collection of theories that have yet to be tested out.

[removed]b. the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

[removed]c. the study of supernatural phenomena.

[removed]d. just various forms of therapy.

Question 43

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Research has shown that patients’ expectations of treatment effectiveness are affected by what a treatment provider is wearing. A white lab coat tends to increase their expectation of effectiveness. Sandra, a research assistant, had no preconceived ideas about her research project, but by chance she wore a white lab coat when working with experimental Group 1, but jeans and a t-shirt when working with experimental Group 2. This created a confounding variable. This confounding variable was a _____

Select one:

[removed]a. selection bias.

[removed]b. experimenter bias.

[removed]c. placebo effect.

[removed]d. random effect.

Question 44

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Samuel still felt enraged hours after he was cut off on the highway, and he wanted to hit somebody. This may be because his _____ glands are still signaling his brain, maintaining this response to the earlier threat.

Select one:

[removed]a. thymus

[removed]b. sex

[removed]c. pineal

[removed]d. adrenal

Question 45

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Sherrod sees himself as a thinker; he believes that his experience and behavior are shaped by how he perceives, thinks about, and remembers things. He would find a counselor who takes the _____ perspective most compatible with his beliefs.

Select one:

[removed]a. psychoanalytic

[removed]b. humanistic

[removed]c. cognitive

[removed]d. sociocultural

Question 46

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Slightly above the ears, the _____ lobes contain the primary _____ cortex, which receives sound input from our ears.

Select one:

[removed]a. auditory; temporal

[removed]b. temporal; auditory

[removed]c. hearing; sound

[removed]d. parietal; sensory

Question 47

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Speech sounds register first in the primary _____ cortex; they are then sent to _____ area where they are unscrambled into meaningful patterns of words.

Select one:

[removed]a. temporal; Broca’s

[removed]b. parietal; sensory

[removed]c. auditory; Wernicke’s

[removed]d. sensory; prefrontal

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The area of the brain primarily responsible for higher mental processes such as thinking and language is the cer

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The Discussion Board (DB) is part of the core of online learning. Classroom discussion in an online environment requires the active participation of students and the instructor to create robust interaction and dialogue. Every student is expected to create an original response to the open-ended DB question as well as engage in dialogue by responding to posts created by others throughout the week. At the end of each unit, DB participation will be assessed based on both level of engagement and the quality of the contribution to the discussion.

At a minimum, each student will be expected to post an original and thoughtful response to the DB question and contribute to the weekly dialogue by responding to at least two other posts from students. The first contribution must be posted before midnight (Central Time) on Wednesday of each week. Two additional responses are required after Wednesday of each week. Students are highly encouraged to engage on the Discussion Board early and often, as that is the primary way the university tracks class attendance and participation.

The purpose of the Discussion Board is to allow students to learn through sharing ideas and experiences as they relate to course content and the DB question. Because it is not possible to engage in two-way dialogue after a conversation has ended, no posts to the DB will be accepted after the end of each unit.

Assignment Details

The key to solving any problem in personal, academic, and professional environments is to first identify the cause(s). Any time you try to answer the question “Why?,” you use causal analysis. This ability to analyze the relationship between cause and effect is a very important trait for success. In this Discussion Board assignment, you will practice this critical reasoning skill by preparing a cause-and-effect or problem–solution outline post and then peer review the posts of your classmates.

Think of an issue or a problem that you have observed within your city, town, workplace, neighborhood, or civic group. Be sure to pick something that you are willing to share with your classmates. Prepare a post that provides a brief description of the situation, and then present a cause-and-effect or problem–solution outline of the issue or problem. Review the posts of at least 2 of your classmates.

Specifically, your post should include the following:

• A brief description of the issue or problem
• The focus of your outline (cause-and-effect, or problem–solution)
• A thesis statement
• 3 body paragraph topic sentences
• A concluding paragraph

Click here for examples of cause-and-effect outlines.

For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.

Please submit your assignment.

Grading Rubric: