Soapbox is a local band that plays classic and contemporary rock. The band members charge $600 for a three hour gig. They would like to play at least 30 gigs per year but need to determine the best way to promote themselves. The most they are willing to spend on promotion is $2,500. The possible promotion options are as follows: • Playing free gigs • Making a demo CD • Hiring an agent • Handing out fliers • Creating a Web site Each free gig costs them about $250 for travel and equipment, but generates about 3 paying gigs. A high quality studio demo CD should help the band book about 20 gigs, but will cost about $1,000. A demo CD made on home recording equipment will cost only $400 but may result in only 10 bookings. A good agent will get the band about 15 gigs, but will charge $1,500. The band can create a Web site for $400 and would expect to generate 6 gigs from this exposure. They also estimate that they may book 1 gig for every 500 fliers they hand out, which would cost $0.08 each. They don’t want to play more than 10 free gigs or send out more than 2,500 fliers. Develop and solve an optimization model to find the best promotion strategy to maximize their revenue.

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Question 1Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. Jason has also arrived at work intoxicated twice in the last week. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior.A. positive affectB. deviantC. satisficingD. citizenshipE. organizational commitmentQuestion 2________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.A. BehaviorB. AttitudeC. PerformanceD. AppearanceE. DemeanorQuestion 3Which of the following is true of moderating variables in attitude relationships?A. The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience.B. Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.C. General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors.D. Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.E. Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about.Question 4With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong?A. The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person.B. The attitude does not reflect the person’s fundamental values.C. The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude.D. The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.E. The affective component of the attitude is weak.Question 5Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence, and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________.A. personality plays a role in job satisfactionB. pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfactionC. job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfactionD. employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedbackE. promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfactionQuestion 6Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________.A. positivity offsetB. employee withdrawalC. cognitive dissonanceD. organizational commitmentE. job involvementQuestion 8Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan’s attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________.A. perceived organizational supportB. positivity offsetC. cognitive dissonanceD. self-concordanceE. emotional contagionQuestion 9The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________.A. job involvementB. emotional dissonanceC. direct actionD. emotional contagionE. job stabilityQuestion 10Which of the following statements represents a person’s job attitude?A. I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.B. I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization.C. I believe in the organization’s objectives about supporting the underprivileged.D. I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment.E. I believe my work performance indicates my calibre and potential.Question 11Antonio Guillermo’s wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with the above stated example.A. job involvementB. psychological empowermentC. perceived organizational supportD. organizational commitmentE. employee engagementQuestion 12Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.A. thought processes; moodsB. emotions; attitudeC. attitudes; behaviorD. behavior; attitudesE. conduct; feelingsQuestion 13________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior.A. Cognitive dissonanceB. Job satisfactionC. Emotional contagionD. Turnover rateE. AbsenteeismQuestion 14Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer asked the employees repeatedly to sign out, they have not followed her advise. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer?A. behavioralB. affectiveC. positiveD. knowledgeE. cognitiveQuestion 15Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees?A. They proactively take up responsibilities.B. They have a sense of passion for their work.C. They have the lowest levels of turnover.D. They feel a deep connection for their organization.E. They put in time but give no attention to their work.Question 16Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse’s feeling represent?A. reactiveB. reflectiveC. affectiveD. cognitiveE. behavioralQuestion 17Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________.A. the affective component of the attitude is extremely strongB. there is a weak relationship between their attitude and behaviorC. they have a voice in decisionsD. they experience a cognitive dissonance between their job attitude and behaviorE. they experience an emotional contagion while performing their job dutiesQuestion 18Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude?A. The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting.B. I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.C. I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner.D. The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner.E. I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.Question 19Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?A. high emotional contagionB. high job involvementC. high cognitive dissonanceD. low psychological empowermentE. low organizational commitmentQuestion 20Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the United States. This may be because ________.A. individuals in western cultures experience emotional contagionB. individuals in western cultures are more self-critical and geared toward continuous improvementC. there is more industrialization in western culturesD. individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotionsE. these are collectivist societies that do not focus on individual happinessQuestion 21An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he performs is known as ________.A. emotional contagionB. employee engagementC. cognitive dissonanceD. self-concordanceE. positivity offsetQuestion 22Why should managers be interested in their employees’ attitudes?A. They result from behavior.B. They give warnings of potential problems.C. They result in cognitive dissonance.D. They lead to self-concordance.E. They result in emotional contagion.Question 23________ refers to a positive feeling about one’s job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.A. Constructive dismissalB. Job designC. Job satisfactionD. PicketingE. Positivity offsetQuestion 24Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes?A. They increase cognitive dissonance.B. They are highly distinct from one another.C. They tend to overlap one another.D. They are generally resistant to change.E. They are not correlated to one another.Question 25The statement, “A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards” is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.A. reflectiveB. behavioralC. reactiveD. cognitiveE. affectiveQuestion 26A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________.A. must try to improve employee attitudesB. must use 360 degrees appraisal proceduresC. must offer periodic salary incrementsD. must provide classroom trainingE. must make jobs easier and targets achievableQuestion 27In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true?A. People’s earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000.B. People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs.C. People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.D. People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000.E. People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000.Question 28Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction?A. Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living.B. Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living.C. High salary level always creates organizational commitment.D. Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries.E. Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries.Question 29Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working for them for almost two years now.Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitivedissonance?A. She majored in pharmacology as part of her Masters program in college.B. She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.C. She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.D. She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor.E. She believes that cosmetics help boost women’s self-confidence.Question 30Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do the needful to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry’s response to this problem is termed as ________.A. neglectB. voiceC. loyaltyD. ratificationE. exitQuestion 31Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels’ response to the problem is referred to as ________.A. exitB. loyaltyC. voiceD. neglectE. acceptanceQuestion 32The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework.A. neglect and loyaltyB. voice and neglectC. exit and neglectD. voice and exitE. loyalty and voiceQuestion 33Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate’s progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude.A. reactiveB. behavioralC. cognitiveD. reflectiveE. affectiveQuestion 34Maria Womack who worked for a bank in Michigan was dissatisfied with the way her manager treated her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response.A. acceptanceB. exitC. loyaltyD. voiceE. neglectQuestion 35The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________.A. dissatisfactionB. high employee engagementC. regular feedbackD. emotional contagionE. increasing growth opportunitiesQuestion 36Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason of Galvan’s high-level of satisfaction toward his job?A. constructive dismissalB. profile of workC. social contextD. promotion and growthE. salary packagingQuestion 37Organizational commitment is defined as ________.A. the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goalsB. the employee’s degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practicesC. the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantlyD. the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working togetherE. the degree to which an employee’s sense of cognitive dissonance is related to their jobQuestion 38To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben’s working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve, and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben?A. loyaltyB. voiceC. acceptanceD. neglectE. exitQuestion 39Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance?A. High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards.B. People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.C. People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control.D. The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.E. People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial.Question 40Which of the following actions best represents Kelly’s high job involvement?A. Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.B. Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues.C. Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer.D. Kelly shares the organization’s vision of supporting renewable energy.E.Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.

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Subject: English    / General English

WRTG 391
Writing Assignment #3
Synthesis Essay
(sometimes called a Literature Review) Writing Assignment #3 will be a synthesis essay, a format that is sometimes referred to as a literature review.
Please click here for a video that briefly describes and outlines this writing assignment.
Organization:
Your synthesis essay should be organized in the following manner: •Introduction: Write one or two paragraphs in which you introduce the reader to your topic.
•Body-the categories into which you are dividing the literature: Divide your sources into a few
categories. A suggestion is that you divide them into three to five categories. •Conclusion: Summarize what the literature says on your topic.
Approach:
This semester, you have constructed a table of research findings of four articles that discussed research studies.
You have also critically evaluated several articles in the annotated bibliography. In this assignment you will
synthesize the ideas of several authors in a synthesis essay, or literature review.
For your annotated bibliography, you selected a topic based on your interests and, possibly, your major. You
constructed a list of 12 references and summarized and critically analyzed them in 150-200 words each.
Through this process, you may have seen patterns in the scholarly literature in the topic on which you conducted
research. For example, consider the following examples:
•You may have researched studies in criminal justice and found that there are varying opinions on
how to respond to criminal behavior among youth.
•You may have researched studies in psychology and found that counseling strategies for victims of
domestic abuse tend to fall into four categories.
•You may have researched graphic communications and discovered that the integration of graphics in
business report writing has evolved from the 1970s to the present because of advancements in
technology.
•You may have researched articles on gerontology and found studies that answered three basic
questions on how older adults respond to training for physical performance. In the synthesis essay, you will focus your research efforts in a particular area, perhaps as a response to what you
found while writing the annotated bibliography. You will then conduct more research and synthesize your
findings in this synthesis essay.
Please note that the annotated bibliography was the beginning, not the end, of your research. You might decide
to disregard several of the articles you analyzed in the critical annotated bibliography because they don’t speak
to the specific area on which you have decided to write your synthesis essay. You might select one article that you analyzed in the critical annotated bibliography, look up the articles cited in that article, and “snowball” your
research in that way.
In other words, this process is a recursive one. You might find reasons to hone in on and narrow your topic even
further after you have written the annotated bibliography. How to organize the synthesis essay:
When you have focused on your topic, determine how you will divide the literature. In other words, consider the
following examples we described above:
You may have researched studies in criminal justice and found that there are varying opinions on how to
respond to criminal behavior among youth.
You might divide the paper as follows:
Introduction
Body
•Category 1: “A” view on responding to criminal behavior.
•Category 2: “B” view on responding to criminal behavior.
•Category 3: “C” view on responding to criminal behavior.
•Category 4: “D” view on responding to criminal behavior.
Conclusion You may have researched studies in psychology and found that counseling strategies for victims of domestic
abuse tend to fall into four categories.
You might divide the paper as follows:
Introduction
Body
•Category 1: “A” counseling strategy for victims of child abuse
•Category 2: “B” counseling strategy for victims of child abuse
•Category 3: “C” counseling strategy for victims of child abuse
•Category 4: “D” counseling strategy for victims of child abuse
Conclusion You may have researched graphic communications and discovered that the integration of graphics in
business report writing has evolved from the 1970s to the present because of advancements in technology.
You might divide the paper as follows:
Introduction Body
•Category 1: graphics in business report writing in the 1970s
•Category 2: graphics in business report writing in the 1980s
•Category 3: graphics in business report writing in the 1990s
•Category 4: graphics in business report writing from 2000 to the present
Conclusion You may have researched articles on gerontology and found studies that answered three basic questions on
how older adults respond to training for physical performance.
You might divide the paper as follows:
Introduction
Body
•Question 1
•Question 2
•Question 3
Conclusion In order for you to see this concept with a real-life example, you can access a sample synthesis or literature
review from a psychology student by clicking here. The student writes her paper on the following topic:
Emotional Eating: The Perpetual Cycle of Mood-Food Influence. She divides her literature into the following
categories:
•Influence of Mood on Eating Behavior
•Gender Differences
•Influence of Eating Behavior on Later Moods
•Chronic Stress Response Network
Notice how she synthesizes and integrates the research into the different categories. Approach and Requirements
Your synthesis essay, or literature review, should be 2000-2500 words, not including your “references” pages at
the end of the review. In other words, the text of the paper should be 2000-2500 words.
In addition your synthesis essay should include at least 10 scholarly sources in the “references” section. As
stated above, this means that you may decide not to use all 12 sources that you summarized in your annotated
bibliography. You are free to use all 12 of them. However, it is possible that your experience in writing
summaries of the 12 sources led you to conclude that a few of them will not be as helpful to your topic as you
had originally thought. You may decide not to include such sources in the synthesis essay. This is totally up to you. Moreover, you might find other sources that you would like to include in your synthesis essay that were not
included in your annotated bibliography. You may use such sources in your synthesis essay as well. Some helpful tutorials and guides from UMUC’s Effective Writing Center: • Click herefor a tutorial that features two short videos on writing a literature review. • Click here for a tutorial on principles in synthesizing multiple sources. In synthesizing your research, you are analyzing the topic on which you have conducted research. Click here for
a helpful tutorial on analyzing a topic. Some helpful guides from other universities: • Some very systematic advice from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill can be accessed
by clicking here. • Some helpful advice from the University of Wisconsin-Madison can be accessed by clicking here.

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Discuss an example of how a firm may deal with risk and uncertainty.

Discuss an example of how a firm may deal with risk and uncertainty.

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