List the diagnostic tests indicated in a complete evaluation of an adult horse with urinary incontinence. Include in your answer justification for each diagnostic test selected

List the diagnostic tests indicated in a complete evaluation of an adult horse with
urinary incontinence. Include in your answer justification for each diagnostic
test selected.

7. With regard to urinary incontinence in the horse:
a) Describe the clinical signs of urinary incontinence. (2 marks)
b) List the neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes of urinary incontinence.
(8 marks)
c) List the diagnostic tests indicated in a complete evaluation of an adult horse with
urinary incontinence. Include in your answer justification for each diagnostic
test selected. (10 marks)
d) Describe the management of urinary incontinence associated with sabulous
urolithiasis. (10 marks)
8. An adult Quarter horse presents with acute respiratory distress characterised by
markedly increased inspiratory and expiratory effort, head and neck extension, nostril
flare, tachycardia, tachypnoea, dark reddish-blue, congested mucous membranes, and
an anxious expression. Rectal temperature is 38.8°C. Thoracic auscultation reveals an
increase in breath sound intensity over the entire lung fields bilaterally. The owner
reports the horse to have had a cough, exercise intolerance, and weight loss over the
past month. There were no abnormal findings on videoendoscopy of the upper
respiratory tract.
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Describe the diagnostic tests and results that would provide a diagnosis of the
following conditions:
i. recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) (8 marks)
ii. equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF). (8 marks)
b) Briefly discuss the principles of management of interstitial pneumonia in horses.
Use equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) as a clinical example.
(10 marks)
c) List the criteria used to define acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in
equine patients. (4 marks)


 

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