Question
Devry LAWS310 Week 1 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

Sarbanes-Oxley (graded)

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 suggests that businesses develop a code of ethics. How effective is a code of ethics in preventing unethical conduct? Review the sample code of ethics of Big Cheese Corporation in Chapter 8. Are there any clauses in this code that you believe need to be more specific? Why?

DQ 2

Corporate Social Responsibility? (graded)

What is corporate social responsibility? Provide two examples of corporations that meet that definition of corporate social responsibility and identify what they do that makes them socially responsible.

Devry LAWS310 Week 2 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

Business Formations (graded)

A business may take one of the following forms: sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited partnership, corporation, or limited liability company. Choose one of the business formations and identify how it is created and the characteristics of that business formation. Provide support for your discussion.

DQ 2

Fiduciary Relationships (graded)

Corporate officers and directors owe fiduciary duties to the corporation. What is a fiduciary relationship? Identify at least two of the fiduciary duties and provide an example of each.

Devry LAWS310 Week 3 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

BFOQs (graded)

What is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)? Provide an example of a job that has a BFOQ.

DQ 2

Agents Versus Independent Contractors (graded)

Compare and contrast the differences between agents and independent contractors. Provide an example of each.

Devry LAWS310 Week 4 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

Securities and Exchange Act (graded)

What was the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1933 and do its provisions actually protect investors? Why or why not?

DQ 2

Antitrust Laws (graded)

Antitrust laws were enacted at a time when it seems that a handful of powerful men controlled commerce. Are they still relevant? Do you see any examples of monopolistic business practices today?

Devry LAWS310 Week 5 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

Contract Formation (graded)

Read Case 10.1 in Chapter 10 of your textbook. Is the general release signed by Marder an enforceable contract? Identify each element of a contract and the facts that would support each element.

DQ 2

Intent (graded)

Why is the objective theory of contracts applied in determining whether a contract has been created? Why is the subjective intent of the parties not considered?

Devry LAWS310 Week 6 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

Oral Agreements? (graded)

Read the summary of Case 14.1, Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. McDavid in Chapter 14 of your text. Should businesspeople be bound to their oral word? Why or why not? Support your conclusion with references to the concepts discussed in your text.

DQ 2

Mitigation of Damages (graded)

What is mitigation of damages? Why does the law impose a duty on the nonbreaching party to mitigate damages?

Devry LAWS310 Week 7 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 March

DQ 1

Internet Issues (graded)

The Internet has made the world smaller and enlarged our access to information. However, for every positive benefit of the Internet, there is a negative aspect. We have a loss of privacy, our financial profile can be compromised, and we cannot trust all information we access on the Internet. Do we operate as though the Internet has a foundation of trust? You should cite to examples and resources to support your opinion.

DQ 2

Deception on the Internet (graded)

Every day we read stories of people who engage in deception on the Internet, whether it is creating dating profiles that bear no likeness to what they really look like, or students who find information and pass it off as their own work. Should there be ethical standards for behavior on the Internet? What would you propose and how could those standards be enforced? Should people be able to say or do whatever they choose in an online environment? Are there circumstances in which information on the Internet should be censored? How do the United States and China differ in how each country allows its citizens’ access to information on the Internet?

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Assessment Value: 20%
Instructions:
• This assignment is to be submitted in accordance with assessment policy stated in the Subject Outline and Student Handbook.
• It is the responsibility of the student who is submitting the work, to ensure that the work is in fact her/his own work. Incorporating another’s work or ideas into one’s own work without appropriate acknowledgement is an academic offence. Students should submit all assignments for plagiarism checking on Blackboard before final submission in the subject. For further details, please refer to the Subject Outline and Student Handbook.
• Answer all questions.
• Maximum marks available: 20 marks.
• Due date of submission: Week 10.
Question 1 (10 Marks)
Two years ago Peta purchased a house in Kew. This house had two old tennis courts down the back which were in poor condition. She purchased the property for two reasons:
• so that she and her family could live in the house; and
• so that she could build three units on the tennis courts and sell them at a profit.
In the current tax year the tennis club next door offered to buy the old tennis courts, but only if Peta first restored them to good condition. Peta decided to accept the club’s offer instead of going ahead with her plan to build and sell units.
Peta spent $100,000 on preparing the tennis courts for sale. This involved a great deal of work. Peta had to resurface the tennis courts and build new fences around them. She then sold the tennis courts in the current tax year to the tennis club for $600,000.
Ignoring capital gains tax, discuss whether the receipt of $600,000 is ordinary income under s 6-5.
Question 2 (10 marks)
Alan is an employee at ABC Pty Ltd (ABC). He has negotiated the following remuneration package with ABC:
• salary of $300,000;
• Payment of Alan’s mobile phone bill ($220 per month, including GST). Alan is under a two-year contract whereby he is required to pay a fixed sum each month for unlimited usage of his phone. Alan uses the phone for work-related purposes only;
• Payment of Alan’s children’s school fees ($20,000 per year). The school fees are GST free.
ABC also provided Alan with the latest mobile phone handset, which cost $2,000 (including GST).
At the end of the year ABC hosted a dinner at a local Thai restaurant for all 20 employees and their partners. The total cost of the dinner was $6,600 including GST.
(a) Advise ABC of its FBT consequences arising out of the above information, including calculation of any FBT liability, for the year ending 31 March 2016. Assume that ABC would be entitled to input tax credits in relation to any GST-inclusive acquisitions.
(b) How would your answer to (a) differ if ABC only had 5 employees?
(c) How would your answer to (a) differ if clients of ABC also attended the end-of-year dinner?

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Subject: Economics    / General Economics

Econ 450 Problem Set #4
2017
Department of Economics
Problem 1 – High School Choice (25 points)
Consider the choice of taking a high school degree or dropping out. Suppose there are two types
of individuals in the population. Completing high school increases the present value of lifetime
earnings by different rates across types, so that type 1 individuals will experience a rate of increase
of r1 and type 2 individuals experience a rate of increase of r2 , where r1 > r2 . Thus, given a base
level of earnings B, the present value of lifetime earnings conditional on completing high school is
P V1HS = B(1 + r1 ) and P V2HS = B(1 + r2 ) for types 1 and 2, respectively. Present value lifetime
earnings in case the worker does not complete high school is P V N o = B no matter the type of the
worker. Completing high school has a cost C no matter the type of the worker.
Suppose B = 100, r1 = 0.35, r2 = 0.2 and C = 22.
1. Determine the optimal schooling choice (whether to complete high school or not) for both
types.
2. Suppose a social science scholar were to compare earnings for high school graduates against
workers with no high school degree to determine the rate of return of a high school degree.
What would the result of the analysis be?
3. In light of this analysis, suppose the government decides to give the types that drop out of
high school incentive to complete high school. The government decides to provide a cash
prize of P = 3 upon high school graduation. Is this sufficient incentive?
4. The labor market is perfectly competitive and earnings perfectly reflect productivity. Thus,
social returns to schooling are given by earnings minus education cost. Is the policy of
providing a cash prize upon graduation desirable from a social planner point of view? Problem 2 – A graduation prize (15 points)
High school graduates are observed to have lifetime earnings that are roughly 30-40% higher than
individuals with only some high school. Suppose it can be shown that by offering high school
students a cash prize for completing high school, one can significantly increase the high school
graduation rate. Discuss whether this is a socially desirable policy. Problem 3 – Principal-Agent Problem (30 points).
A restaurant is writing a contract with a waiter stating that he will be paid a weekly wage of $200
plus 20% of the sales (the tip). The sales are a function of his effort, e, and can be stated as,
?
S(e) = 100 e. Thus, the wage is given by, w = 200 + 0.2S(e). The waiter has a utility function
u(w, e) = w ? e. The restaurant cannot observe or verify the waiter’s effort level but the contract
states that it expects an effort level of at least ec = 150.
1 1. Determine how much effort the waiter will choose to provide, e? .
2. Given e? , what is the waiter’s weekly wage?
3. A contract is self-enforcing when agents have incentive to satisfy the demands in the contract
without legal enforcement. What is the minimum fraction of sales that the restaurant must
promise the waiter for the contract to be self-enforcing? Problem 4 – Schooling as a signal (30 points).
Consider an economy with two types of individuals, low ability and high ability. Each type is equally
represented in the population. Individuals themselves know their types but employers cannot
directly observe the skill level. To simplify assume a 2-period model. In the first period, individuals
choose a schooling level. In the second period they produce. A low ability individual produces a low
level of output YL = 1 whereas a high ability individual produces a high level of output, YH = 2.
The output price is P = 1. Furthermore, low ability individuals have higher schooling cost than high
ability individuals. Specifically the cost of schooling level e is CL (e) = ?e for a low ability individual
and CH (e) = ?e/2 for a high ability individual. Individuals can choose any schooling level e ? 0.
Think of e as education beyond high school. The cost function includes the opportunity costs of
time in the first period. An individual has payoff function ui (e, W ) = W ? Ci (e) for i = {L, H}.
That is, we are disregarding discounting and payoff is simply earnings minus schooling cost.
1. For a given ?, find the lowest level of schooling, e? , that supports a separating equilibrium
where high ability individuals choose eH = e? and low ability individuals choose eL = 0. Here
is a roadmap to follow:
(a) Suppose firms believe that any individual that chooses e ? e? is high productivity, Y = 2,
and that any individual with schooling e < e? is low productivity, Y = 1. The labor
market is perfectly competitive. Write up the wage in the labor market as a function of
schooling, W (e).
(b) Given the education conditional wage in the labor market, write up incentive compatibility constraints such that a high ability individual (weakly) prefers eH = e? to eH = 0,
and that the low ability individual (weakly) prefers eL = 0 to eL = e? . Find the lowest
e? so that both incentive compatibility constraints are satisfied.
2. What happens to e? if ? increases? Comment.
3. Assume ? = 1/2. There are 100 individuals. Calculate the total production minus education
cost for the two period economy.
4. Suppose the government were to ban education, meaning, everybody must choose e = 0.
(a) What is the wage in the labor market? (Hint: What is the expected productivity of a
worker when the firm cannot tell whether she is high or low ability?).
(b) Are firms’ profits any different in the two scenarios?
(c) Calculate total production minus education cost for the two period economy. Comment. 2

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The following information relates to one of our client: Maryann Miller. Maryann is contemplating marriage and wants to know the tax ramifications of this. The director of the Firm has requested that you research this situation and deliver and executive summary. It is expected that you provide calculations relating to at least4 possible scenarios and identify the position that should be recommended to the client. State all your assumptions and make sure to provide evidence to support your position.

Maryann Miller is single, 28 years old, and lives with her father, Joe, who is 68 years old. Joe is retired and receives social security in the amount of $1,282 per month which he deposits into a savings account. That is his only income. Joe own his home which as a fair market value of $274,000 but Maryann pays all the monthly expenses of the household.

The following data relates to Maryann’s prior year income:

Salary $69,50

0Fed Taxes Withheld $7,800

State Taxes Withheld $2,641

Local Taxes Withheld $695

Interest Income $89

5Dividend Income $1,250

20xx Med Health Insurance Paid $2,160

20xx Medical Expenses Paid $3,100

Real Estate Taxes on Home (9/2/xx) $5,200

20xx Church Contributions $2,100

United Way Contributions (7/3/xx) $35

0American Red Cross (10/5/xx) $400

Tsunami Relief Fund (1/16/xx) $250

Maryann is engaged to Peter Pearson. Peter is 33 years old and purchased a home in 2007 for $300,000. He has a mortgage on the house of $220,000. The current value of the home is $488,000. Peter is divorced an has a son, James, age 4 who lives with his mother Betty. Betty has remarried Barry Bellows. Peter pays $1,500 a month child support and per his divorce agreement he is entitled to claim James as his dependent.

The following data relates to Peter’s prior year income.

Salary $89,000

Fed Taxes Withheld $14,000

State Taxes Withheld $3,382

Local Taxes Withheld $890

Interest Income $1,700

Dividend Income $2,300

20xx Med health insurance paid $2,400

20xx Med health insurance James $680

Mortgage Interest Paid $19,000

Real Estate Taxes on home (9/2/xx) $6,000

20xx Church contributions $3,000

Child support paid $18,000

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Details:

You have previously worked with descriptive statistics. As noted previously, the most
commonly used descriptive statistics are measures of central tendency including
mean, median, and mode. In this assignment, you will watch some informative
videos to become familiar with SPSS, enter data, and then answer some basic
questions about a data set.
General Requirements:
Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
Directions:

View the following:

SPSS for Beginners 1 — Introduction
SPSS for Beginners 2a: Frequency Counts
SPSS for Beginners 2b:
Descriptive Statistics and Z-scores
Graphing and Descriptive
Stats in SPSS With Dr. Ami Gates
Open SPSS (for help see the attached file, SPSS Installation Instructions) and complete the following:

Obtain an output (as in the tutorials) with the following values
highlighted and upload it into Loud Cloud:
Determine the statistics for each gender as follows:
Frequency Counts, Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum, and Maximum

Graphing and Descriptive Stats in SPSS: Create a bar graph with gender
(axis X) and height (axis Y)
Upload the output into LC.
Data set:

Men: 74, 71, 75, 62

Female: 62, 68, 61, 71, 68, 80

SPSS Installation instructions.docx

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