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Application: Legal and Ethical Issues of a Medical Error Case

Health care providers are fallible and will make mistakes. Unfortunately, these errors can sometimes have dire consequences for patients, and the providers, as well as the organizations, may be held liable for the harm that resulted.

In this Application Assignment, you will analyze a case study of medical error for its legal and ethical implications, and propose ways that a health care administrator might help prevent this kind of error from happening.

Review the scenarios of medical errors in the following readings from this week and select one of them to focus on in the paper.
1.Gallagher, T. H. (2009). A 62-year-old woman with skin cancer who experienced wrong-site surgery:
Review of medical error. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(5), 660–5 77.
2.Part 1, “Understanding the Causes and Costs of Medication Errors,” pp. 43-45 (Case on the death of the day-old infant), Preventing Medication Errors: Quality Chasm Series (2007), http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11623&page=43.
3.Rosenthal, K. (2004). “Where did this patient’s I.V. therapy go awry?” Nursing, 34(5), 56-57.

Prepare for the paper by considering the following:
•What laws were, or may have been, broken in this case, and by whom? Did you agree with the assessment of liability (if any) provided in the scenario? Why or why not?
•What are the main ethical issues of this case?
•Health care providers are sometimes reluctant to admit wrongdoing, provide full disclosure, or apologize to the victim or family, or they are advised not to by legal counsel, risk managers, or others. Reflect on the discussion in the JAMA article about disclosing errors to patients and families. What are some of the legal and ethical implications of disclosing errors in your selected case?
•What lessons could a health care administrator take from this case? Consider the role of the administrator in establishing and monitoring policies and setting the tone for the organization. Are there ways in which an administrator might help to prevent these kinds of errors from happening?

The Application Assignment:

With these thoughts in mind, write a 3- to 4-page paper in which you address the following questions:
•Summarize the legal aspects of this case. Identify the laws that were, or may have been, broken. Who was, or may have been, liable?
•Did the provider fail in any way to adhere to ethical standards? How might this have impacted the patient outcome?
•If noted in the scenario, how did the provider interact with the patient or family after the error came to light?
•Discuss the pros and cons of having the provider disclose and apologize for the error to the patient or family soon after the occurrence. What are the legal and ethical implications of this approach? In general, how might this approach impact the physicians, nurses, technicians, or others who may have contributed to a medical error that harmed a patient?
•In what ways can health care administrators help prevent the kind of error described in the scenario from happening in the first place? How can they assist the providers and organization after such an error occurs?

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Subject: Business    / General Business

In Its Official! The End of Competitive Advantage, Denning claims that “Sustainable competitive advantage as a strategic goal making tool is still viable for the business organization today.”

NOTE: For this activity, you will be forced to argue for one perspective or the other. (Even if you do not actually agree, you must argue for the position you have been assigned!)

If your last name begins with a letter from A-K, you will present arguments for why organizations should not create goals based on gaining a sustainable competitive advantage (note: some competitive advantage (e.g. product, price, placement) is always necessary, so you should focus on sustainability of competitive advantage).

If your last names beings with a letter from L-Z, you will present arguments for why organizations should create goals based on gaining a sustainable competitive advantage (note: some competitive advantage (e.g. product, price, placement) is always necessary, so you should focus on sustainability of competitive advantage).

Create an initial post:

Addressing Theme 1 by:

1. Defining competitive advantage.

2. Describing the importance of competitive advantage.

3. Describing three ways organizations can gain competitive advantage.

Addressing Theme 2 by:

1. Describing the role of leaders in creating and maintaining a competitive advantage.

2. Creating one strategy that your organization (the place where you work, or some place you would like to work) could use to gain a competitive advantage (specifically you should: identify the goal, describe why it is important, evaluate the competition, and create a minimum three step process for achieving the goal).

Presenting your respective case:

1. Creating three reasons why sustainable competitive advantage should or should not guide goal creation (again, last name A-K, you are making the case that organizations should not be guided by the creation of sustainable competitive advantage; last name L-Z, you are making the case that organizations should be guided by the creation of sustainable competitive advantage).

You must include at least five in-text citations and three references in your initial post.

At least 3-5 paragraphs covering all the questions.

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● Discuss methods for evaluating quality of services in healthcare settings. ● Explain importance of measuring business performance and quality. ● Use basic tools for measuring business performance and quality. Course outcome(s) addressed in this Assignment: HA499-5: Healthcare Administration: Demonstrate an understanding of the forces impacting health delivery systems and the effective and efficient management of healthcare. Instructions: For this Assignment, you are required to write a 1,000–1,250-word paper on methods of quality measurement. Your paper must include a detailed summary of two different methods of quality measurement used by a healthcare organization. Include examples of how the methods may be used to improve organizational effectiveness. Give an evaluation of these methods and indicate when they should be used for best results. Cite at least four references to validate your proposal. Prepare this Assignment according to the APA guidelines.

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Please read all the instructions and complete the assignment. I have attached my week 6 assignment below from EDU 671 so that you can complete this assignment.
Data Collection Strategies – Value and Appropriateness
During EDU671, you engaged in a discussion regarding the type of data collection tools that you would use for your action research and were asked to justify their use in your study. You learned from Mills (2014) that, “the interpretation of qualitative data is the researcher’s attempt to find meaning, to answer the ‘So what?’ in terms of the implications of the study’s finding” (p.133). In EDU671, you explored data collection techniques and the process of triangulation of this information to the overall study. In this assignment, you further consider the method of data collection to narrow to the most logical and relevant approach to arrive at an answer to your respective research question(s). Make sure the type of data you plan to collect continues to be appropriate for your study.
The finalization of the type of data collection adds value to your research. This assignment provides a useful framework for the development of the final project in this course in Week Six. You begin the implementation phase of your research in Week Two. During Weeks Two to Four you collect data. Here, in Week One, you consider the type of data you will obtain by referring to and updating as necessary the Data Collection Tool ( **)that you used in EDU671; below is an example:
Research Questions
Data Collection Tool

Why this tool? Justify its use in your study. How does it match with what you are attempting to find and to measure?

Will the incorporation of project-based learning improve students’ state assessment scores as it relates to the Common Core State Standards in comprehending non-fiction text?

District Common Assessments (post-test)

This research question requires quantitative data collection. The answer of this question is either yes, the incorporation improves test scores or no, it does not. District common assessments, which assess Common Core State Standards as well, can also be used for post-test data.

Will the inclusion of project-based learning improve student application of comprehending non-fiction text at a high depth of knowledge level?

Pretests and post-tests

Pre- and post-tests can give quantitative data to support findings in the examination of the artifacts and with the observations.

How does project-based learning integrate clear expectations and essential criteria and remain successful?*

Questionnaires

This question seems to only be able to warrant qualitative data collection because it needs first-hand accounts of what expectations and criteria were used that indicated success. Questionnaires can give the researcher an opportunity to view how the teachers instill the expectations in the students.
* For those that are participating in this research that are involved in a non-educational organization, this project-based learning could be implemented many ways. The emphasis in action research, no matter what the organization or setting that is accessed, is learning with others rather than about others for the purpose of developing a reflective practitioner. It is important to consider, however, that the subjects of your study will with adults. Any research taking part outside of a school setting cannot involve minor children. Here are some examples:

Community: Implement a plan for Home Owners Associations meetings, implement new/different services at community center based on member feedback
Work setting: Implementation of an organizational or time management strategy with fellow employees
Church setting: Implement a strategy on an adult study team or bible study team
Own (minor) children: Implement a strategy for study skills and/or habits, organization or time management strategies, use of manners with others, implementing an earlier bed time

Construct your assignment to meet the content and written communication expectations below.
Content Expectations

Study Title (.5 Points): Create a brief yet descriptive and creative title for the study.
Purpose (.5 Points): Explain the purpose of your study.
Research Questions (1 Points): State your research questions in a list format.
Forms of Data (1.5 Points): In two-to-three paragraphs, describe the multiple forms of data that you will collect (observations, interviews, artifacts, etc.) and how this information will inform your research.
Value of Data (2.5 Points): In two-to-three paragraphs, explain the value of the selected forms of data and how this information will inform the focus and research questions.
Data Collection Tool (1 Points): Complete the Data Collection Tool and include it as an appendix in the assignment document. You may also need to make updates, revisions, or other adjustments, depending on any changes you have made to your study.

Written Communication Expectations

Page Requirement (.5 points): Three-to-four pages, not including title, references, and appendix pages.
APA Formatting (.5 points): Use APA formatting consistently throughout the assignment.
Syntax and Mechanics (.5 points): Display meticulous comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar.
Source Requirement (.5 points): Use no less than three scholarly sources in addition to the Buczynski and Hansen (2014) and Mills (2009) textbooks, providing compelling evidence to support ideas, and if applicable, reference to original project if enhancement of existing project occurred. All sources on the reference page need to be used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment.

Next Steps: Review and Submit the Assignment
Review your assignment with the Grading Rubric to be sure you have achieved the distinguished levels of performance for each criterion. Next, submit the assignment to the course room for evaluation no later than Day 7.
Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

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